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Respiratory viral pathogens associated with lower respiratory tract disease among young children

Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI) commonly result in fatal outcomes in the young children of Papua New Guinea (PNG).

Prevalence of and risk factors for human rhinovirus infection in healthy aboriginal and non-aboriginal western australian children

Human rhinovirus (HRV) species C (HRV-C) have been associated with frequent and severe acute lower respiratory infections and asthma in hospitalized children.

Reduced rhinovirus-specific antibodies are associated with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive

Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are often linked to respiratory infections.

Reduction in disparity for pneumonia hospitalisations between Australian indigenous and non-Indigenous children

In the 1990s pneumonia hospitalisation rates in Western Australia (WA) were 13 times higher in Indigenous children than in non-Indigenous children...

TLR3 and RIG-I gene variants: Associations with functional effects on receptor expression and responses to measles viru

Measles virus causes severe morbidity and mortality, despite the availability of measles vaccines. Successful defence against viral pathogens requires early...

CD46 measles virus receptor polymorphisms influence receptor protein expression

Despite the availability of measles vaccines, infants continue to die from measles. Measles vaccine responses vary between individuals, and poor...

Safety, immunogenicity, and tolerability of meningococcal serogroup B bivalent recombinant lipoprotein 2086 vaccine in healthy

Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B is a major cause of invasive meningococcal disease, but a broadly protective vaccine is not currently licensed. A bivalent...

Febrile respiratory illnesses in infancy and atopy are risk factors for persistent asthma and wheeze

The aim of this study was to explore associations between severe respiratory infections and atopy in early childhood with persisting wheeze and asthma.

Modelling Micro-Elimination: Third-Trimester Tenofovir Prophylaxis for Perinatal Transmission of Hepatitis B in the Remote Dolpa District of Nepal

Hepatitis B (HBV) prevalence is very high in pregnant women in the Dolpa district of Nepal, a region characterised by a remote geographic landscape and low vaccination coverage. Using mathematical modelling, we evaluated the impact of third-trimester tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) prophylaxis on HBV burden and estimated the time required to achieve HBV elimination in Dolpa. 

Vaccination

Vaccination is the injection of an inactivated bacteria or virus into the body. This simulated infection allows an individual's immune system to develop an adaptive immunity for protection against that type of illness. When a sufficiently large percentage of a population has been vaccinated, this results in herd immunity.