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Are outcomes for childhood leukaemia in Australia influenced by geographical remoteness and Indigenous race?

Presenting features, biology and outcome for childhood leukaemia are known to vary by ethnic origin, geographic location and socioeconomic group. This study aimed to compare presentation patterns, follow-up and clinical outcomes in Indigenous and non-Indigenous children with acute leukaemia in Australia, and to assess the impact of remoteness and area-based socioeconomic disadvantage on outcome.

RUNX2 regulates leukemic cell metabolism and chemotaxis in high-risk T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy with inferior outcome compared with that of B cell ALL. Here, we show that Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) was upregulated in high-risk T-ALL with KMT2A rearrangements (KMT2A-R) or an immature immunophenotype. In KMT2A-R cells, we identified RUNX2 as a direct target of the KMT2A chimeras, where it reciprocally bound the KMT2A promoter, establishing a regulatory feed-forward mechanism.

Childhood craniopharyngioma: 20-year institutional experience in Western Australia

Although neurocognitive, psychological and behavioural problems were noted for some patients during medical review, only 20% of patients were formally assessed.

Genome-wide association meta-analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and symptomatic venous thromboembolism during therapy for ALL and lymphoma in caucasian children

The largest GWAS meta-analysis conducted to date associating SNPs to venous thromboembolism in children and adolescents treated on childhood ALL protocols

Optimized peripheral blood progenitor cell mobilization for autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation in children with high-risk and refractory malignancies

Our approach to hematopoietic progenitor cells mobilization resulted in highly effective HPC harvest in children and adolescents with high-risk cancers

Vaccine-preventable disease following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant in Western Australia

There is a high incidence of vaccine-preventable morbidity post-allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in West Australian children

New therapeutic opportunities from dissecting the pre-B leukemia bone marrow microenvironment

We provide evidence that targeting leukemia-induced bone loss is a therapeutic strategy for pre-B ALL

Beyond bone: the emerging role of osteoclasts in immune regulation, leukemia development and following myeloablative therapy

Osteoclasts are important regulators of bone remodeling, with an established role in maintaining skeletal homeostasis. The emergence of osteoimmunology has identified osteoclasts as key players in the immune system. In particular, osteoclasts can initiate bi-directional crosstalk mechanisms with hematopoietic stem cells and various immune cells, such as T cells, B cells and NK cells, to influence hematopoiesis and inflammatory response.

Invasive fungal disease and antifungal prophylaxis in children with acute leukaemia: a multicentre retrospective Australian cohort study

Invasive fungal disease is a common and important complication in children with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We describe the epidemiology of IFD in a large multicentre cohort of children with AML.

Efficacy of DYRK1A inhibitors in novel models of Down syndrome acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Despite significant advances, outcomes for children with Down syndrome (DS, trisomy 21) who develop acute lymphoblastic leukemia remain poor. Reports of large DS-ALL cohorts have shown that children with DS have inferior event-free survival and overall survival compared to children without DS.