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Research

Heterogeneity and distribution characteristics of tertiary lymphoid structures predict prognostic outcome in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Tertiary Lymphoid Structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphoid aggregates that form within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are increasingly recognized as potential prognostic biomarkers in various cancers. However, the spatial heterogeneity and prognostic value of TLSs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain poorly defined. This study aimed to characterize the spatial distribution patterns of TLSs and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and to establish a refined prognostic model for ESCC patients in both surgery-only and neoadjuvant therapy cohorts.

Research

Neonatal skin: barrier, immunity and infection prevention in the NICU

The neonatal skin is central to early survival and immune development. Far from being a passive mechanical barrier, it integrates physical, chemical, and microbial defences that together protect the infant in the immediate postnatal period. In preterm infants, structural immaturity, reduced antimicrobial capacity, and altered microbial colonisation confer heightened vulnerability to infection and inflammation.

Research

Longitudinal Profiling of the Human Milk Microbiome from Birth to 12 Months Reveals Overall Stability and Selective Taxa-Level Variation

Human milk bacteria contribute to gut microbiome establishment in breastfed infants. Although breastfeeding is recommended throughout infancy, temporal variation in the milk microbiome-particularly beyond solid food introduction-remains understudied. We analyzed 539 milk samples from 83 mother-infant dyads between 1 week and 12 months postpartum using full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

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Sex assigned at birth may modify health-related quality of life in children treated with peanut oral immunotherapy

The high burden of peanut allergy underscores the need for treatment options that improve patient health-related quality of life (HRQL). However, the modifying effect of sex assigned at birth on treatment-related outcomes remains poorly understood. We sought to investigate whether sex modifies treatment effect on the change in overall and subdomain HRQL during the PPOIT-003 trial.

Research

DeepEGFR a graph neural network for bioactivity classification of EGFR inhibitors

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) plays a critical role in the development of several cancers. Thus, modulation/inhibition of EGFR activity is an appealing target of developing novel cancer therapeutics. 

Research

Optimisation of the sampling method for skin microbiome studies in healthy children: a pilot cohort study

Recent interest in the diverse ecosystem of bacteria, fungi and viruses that make up the skin microbiome has led to numerous studies investigating the skin microbiome in healthy skin and in dermatological conditions. However, skin microbiome analysis is challenging due to relatively low numbers of skin microorganisms compared to mucosal sites, such as the respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts. Microbiome results are heavily influenced by sampling methods.

Research

Invasive fungal disease and antifungal prophylaxis in children with acute leukaemia: a multicentre retrospective Australian cohort study

Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is a common and important complication in children with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We describe the epidemiology of IFD in a large multicentre cohort of children with AML.

Research

Parental experiences of using continuous glucose monitoring in their young children with early-stage type 1 diabetes: a qualitative interview study

To explore parents' experiences of using continuous glucose monitoring in their young children with early-stage type 1 diabetes, being followed in the Australian Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) study.

Research

The Feasibility of Personalized Endpoints in Assessing Treatment Outcomes for Rare Diseases: A Pilot Study of Goal Attainment Scaling in SCN2A-Associated

For individuals living with rare neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly those who are at the most severe end of the spectrum, standardized outcome measures may lack the sensitivity to capture small but meaningful changes. 

Research

Net Promoter Score Model for Evaluating Paediatric Medicine Acceptability: Validation and Feasibility Study

Medicine acceptability is crucial for paediatric drug development, yet its assessment remains challenging due to the multifaceted nature of sensory attributes like taste, smell, and mouthfeel. Traditional methods of acceptability evaluation often involve complex questionnaires and lack standardisation, leading to difficulties in a comparative analysis across studies.