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Research

Vaccination

Vaccination is the injection of an inactivated bacteria or virus into the body. This simulated infection allows an individual's immune system to develop an adaptive immunity for protection against that type of illness. When a sufficiently large percentage of a population has been vaccinated, this results in herd immunity.

Research

Predictors of poor treatment outcomes among drug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Hunan province, China

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a significant public health concern, often resulting in poor treatment outcomes. This study aims to identify predictors of poor treatment outcomes among patients with DR-TB in Hunan Province, China.

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Biases in Routine Influenza Surveillance Indicators Used to Monitor Infection Incidence and Recommendations for Improvement

Monitoring how the incidence of influenza infections changes over time is important for quantifying the transmission dynamics and clinical severity of influenza. Infection incidence is difficult to measure directly, and hence, other quantities which are more amenable to surveillance are used to monitor trends in infection levels, with the implicit assumption that they correlate with infection incidence.

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Improving the detection of congenital syphilis: reviewing test utility and adherence to recommendations

Western Australia (WA) has experienced a resurgence of congenital syphilis. Appropriate microbiology testing of the neonate is recommended to confirm infection, including syphilis immunoglobulin M (IgM), rapid plasma reagin (RPR) paired with a maternal sample, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on placenta and nasal swabs.

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Safety surveillance of influenza vaccine in pregnant women

Vaccination is the most effective strategy for preventing influenza infection in pregnancy.

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A randomized phase I study of the safety and immunogenicity

In this study of healthy adults aged 50-85 and 18-24 years, SA3Ag elicited a rapid and robust immune response and was well tolerated, with no notable safety...

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Impact of CD14 promoter variants on measles vaccine responses and vaccine failure in children from Australia and Mozambique

Host genetics are likely to play a crucial role, particularly variants that alter key innate immune response genes.

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Characterization of a G1P[8] rotavirus causing an outbreak of gastroenteritis in the Northern Territory, Australia, in the vaccine era

In 2010, a large outbreak of rotavirus gastroenteritis occurred in the Alice Springs region of the Northern Territory, Australia.

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An outpatient, ambulant-design, controlled human infection model using escalating doses of Salmonella Typhi challenge delivered in sodium bicarbonate solution

Typhoid fever is a major global health problem, the control of which is hindered by lack of a suitable animal model in which to study Salmonella Typhi...

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The challenge of enteric fever

Enteric fever prevention requires significant long term investment in provision of clean water and sanitation; vaccination offers medium term control.