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Comment on "Drug discovery: Turning the titanic"

We propose that the molecular and cellular events that govern a resolving, rather than an evolving, disease may reveal new druggable pathways.

Intracellular growth of Mycobacterium avium subspecies and global transcriptional responses in human macrophages after infection

Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (Maa) and M. avium subsp. hominissuis (Mah) are environmental mycobacteria and significant opportunistic pathogens.

Airway Epithelial Cells Condition Dendritic Cells to Express Multiple Immune Surveillance Genes

AEC-conditioned DC showed selective upregulation of chemokines that recruit Th1 cells, but minimal change in chemokines linked to Th2 cell recruitment.

Acute viral bronchiolitis in infants and young children

Anya Deborah Pat Jones Strickland Holt BSc MSc PhD PhD PhD, DSc, FRCPath, FRCPI, FAA Honorary Research Associate Head, Pregnancy and Early Life

Fine-Tuning the Tumour Microenvironment: Current Perspectives on the Mechanisms of Tumour Immunosuppression

Immunotherapy has revolutionised the treatment of cancers by harnessing the power of the immune system to eradicate malignant tissue. However, it is well recognised that some cancers are highly resistant to these therapies, which is in part attributed to the immunosuppressive landscape of the tumour microenvironment (TME). The contexture of the TME is highly heterogeneous and contains a complex architecture of immune, stromal, vascular and tumour cells in addition to acellular components such as the extracellular matrix. While understanding the dynamics of the TME has been instrumental in predicting durable responses to immunotherapy and developing new treatment strategies, recent evidence challenges the fundamental paradigms of how tumours can effectively subvert immunosurveillance. Here, we discuss the various immunosuppressive features of the TME and how fine-tuning these mechanisms, rather than ablating them completely, may result in a more comprehensive and balanced anti-tumour response.

Decoding Susceptibility to Respiratory Viral Infections and Asthma Inception in Children

Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Rhinovirus are the most frequent cause of respiratory tract infections in infants and children and are major triggers of acute viral bronchiolitis, wheezing and asthma exacerbations.

Assessing the unified airway hypothesis in children via transcriptional profiling of the airway epithelium

Upper and lower airways are conserved in their transcriptional composition, and variations associated with disease are present in both nasal and tracheal epithelium

QuantSeq. 3′ Sequencing combined with Salmon provides a fast, reliable approach for high throughput RNA expression analysis

QuantSeq, coupled with a fast quantification method such as Salmon, should provide a viable alternative to traditional RNA-Seq in many applications

Progressive increase of FcεRI expression across several PBMC subsets is associated with atopy and atopic asthma within school-aged children

The expression pattern of FcεRI on DC and basophils differentiates asthmatic from non-asthmatic atopic children

Sensitization to immune checkpoint blockade through activation of a STAT1/NK axis in the tumor microenvironment

Our results identify a pretreatment tumor microenvironment that predicts response to immune checkpoint blockade, which can be therapeutically attained