Keywords:
drug dose– response relationship; intravenous anesthesia; pediatric anesthesia; perioperative complications; perioperative outcomes; sustainable development
Abstract:
To summarize recent evidence in pediatric total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA), highlighting advances in pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics, target-controlled infusion (TCI), electroencephalography (EEG)-guided titration, emerging agents, safety, and sustainability, and to provide clinicians with an updated, practical framework for pediatric TIVA practice.