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What goes up must come down: dynamics of type 1 interferon signaling across the lifespan

Type 1 interferons (T1IFNs) are typically expressed in low concentrations under homeostatic conditions, but upon pathogenic insult or perturbation of the pathway, these critical immune signaling molecules can become either protectors from or drivers of pathology. While essential for initiating antiviral defense and modulating inflammation, dysregulation of T1IFN signaling can contribute to immunopathology, making it and its associated pathways prime targets for immune evasion and disruption by pathogens. 

Citation:
Hartnell L, Agudelo-Romero P, Montgomery ST, Ben-Othman R, Verhasselt V, Stick SM, Kollmann TR. What goes up must come down: dynamics of type 1 interferon signaling across the lifespan. Frontiers in Immunology. 2025;16.

Keywords:
COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; STING; age-related; interferon; pediatric; type 1 interferon; viral infection

Abstract:
Type 1 interferons (T1IFNs) are typically expressed in low concentrations under homeostatic conditions, but upon pathogenic insult or perturbation of the pathway, these critical immune signaling molecules can become either protectors from or drivers of pathology. While essential for initiating antiviral defense and modulating inflammation, dysregulation of T1IFN signaling can contribute to immunopathology, making it and its associated pathways prime targets for immune evasion and disruption by pathogens.