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How immunity shapes the long-term dynamics of influenza H3N2

Since its emergence in 1968, influenza A H3N2 has caused yearly epidemics in temperate regions. While infection confers immunity against antigenically similar strains, new antigenically distinct strains that evade existing immunity regularly emerge ('antigenic drift'). Immunity at the individual level is complex, depending on an individual's lifetime infection history.

Citation:
Eales O, Shearer FM, McCaw JM. How immunity shapes the long-term dynamics of influenza H3N2. PLoS Comput Biol. 2025;21(3).

Keywords:
Computational biology; influenza A; virus; H3N2 subtype; genetics; immunology; epidemiology; transmission

Abstract:
Since its emergence in 1968, influenza A H3N2 has caused yearly epidemics in temperate regions. While infection confers immunity against antigenically similar strains, new antigenically distinct strains that evade existing immunity regularly emerge ('antigenic drift'). Immunity at the individual level is complex, depending on an individual's lifetime infection history.